Tissue fragments in urine5/28/2023 ![]() ![]() Lymphovascular invasionīlood moves around the body through long thin tubes called blood vessels. The depth of invasion is also used to determine the pathologic tumour stage (pT). The depth of invasion is very important because tumours that invade deeper into the surrounding tissue are more likely to spread to other parts of the body. The distance that the tumour cells have travelled is called the depth of invasion and it can only be determined after the tumour is examined under the microscope. Unlike non-invasive tumours, invasive tumours are able to spread to other parts of the body. These layers include the lamina propria, muscularis propria, and perivesical soft tissue. Invasive tumoursĪn invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma is a tumour that has spread into the layers of tissue below the urothelium. ![]() Because the tumour is non-invasive, the tumour cells are unable to spread to other parts of the body. Non-invasive means that after careful microscopic examination, the entire tumour is seen within the urothelium. Low-grade tumours are made up of cells that look more like normal urothelial cells while high-grade tumours are made up of more abnormal-looking cells that tend to be larger, darker, and less organized than normal urothelial cells. The grade is important because high-grade tumours are more likely to re-grow after treatment and spread to other parts of the body. Non-invasive tumoursĪll papillary urothelial carcinomas start in a thin layer of tissue called the urothelium that covers the inside surface of the urinary tract. Pathologists divide papillary urothelial carcinoma into two grades – low and high based on how the tumour cells look when examined under the microscope. For larger tumours that involve the bladder or kidney, part or all of the organ may need to be removed in a procedure called a resection. After the diagnosis of papillary urothelial carcinoma is made, the entire tumour is usually removed in a procedure called transurethral resection (TURBT). The diagnosis can also be made after a small sample of tissue is removed from the urinary tract during a procedure called a biopsy. The diagnosis of papillary urothelial carcinoma is usually made by looking at a urine sample under a microscope. How is the diagnosis of papillary urothelial carcinoma made? Tumours that are only found in the urothelium are called non-invasive while tumours that have spread into surrounding tissues are called invasive. Papillary urothelial carcinoma starts from specialized urothelial cells that cover the inside surface of the urinary tract and create a barrier called the urothelium. Where does papillary urothelial carcinoma start? The urinary tract includes the bladder, ureters, urethra, and kidneys. Papillary urothelial carcinoma is a type of cancer that starts in a part of the body called the urinary tract. ![]()
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